(I\u00a0 want\u00a0 to\u00a0 dedicate\u00a0 these\u00a0 series of\u00a0 texts to\u00a0 those\u00a0\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 my\u00a0 former\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 students, male\u00a0 or\u00a0 female,\u00a0 who\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 end\u00a0 , chose \u201cmediocrity\u201d\u00a0 and\u00a0 \u201cvirtual reality\u201d,\u00a0 for\u00a0 the\u00a0 sake\u00a0 of\u00a0 their own\u00a0 society, their\u00a0 own\u00a0 families\u00a0 and\u00a0 their own \u201csurvival\u201d)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
This\u00a0 part of\u00a0 our\u00a0 Epilogues(b4), is\u00a0 a\u00a0 synopsis of\u00a0 the first three texts of\u00a0 this\u00a0 series\u00a0 of\u00a0 articles(epilogues b1,b2,b3), where I described the \u201chistorical conspiracy\u201d between\u00a0 the\u00a0 Byzantine political\u00a0 authorities, the Greek Orthodox Church and\u00a0 the\u00a0 International Jewish Establishment to undermine, weaken and\u00a0 isolate the\u00a0 social, cultural and political values , as\u00a0 well\u00a0 as the\u00a0 historical institutions\u00a0 of\u00a0 Ancient\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Civilization within\u00a0 the\u00a0 wider\u00a0 geographical Mediterranean region\u00a0 and\u00a0 the Middle\u00a0 East.<\/p>\n
We\u00a0 shall\u00a0 begin this\u00a0 text by\u00a0 comparing one\u00a0 more\u00a0 time, the\u00a0 critical historical, cultural , ideological and\u00a0 existential differences between Ancient\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Civilization\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 Traditional Jewish Civilization of\u00a0 2,500\u00a0 years.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0 most important cultural and\u00a0 ideological\u00a0 differences between\u00a0 these\u00a0 two\u00a0 civilizations\u00a0 originate from\u00a0 the\u00a0 historical\u00a0 fact that Ancient\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Civilization was not\u00a0 founded, constructed and developed by\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cmetaphysical\u201d or\u00a0 \u201cdivine\u201d intervention, but\u00a0 through\u00a0 the \u201cfree initiatives\u201d and\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cfree creativity\u201d of\u00a0 mortals, responding to\u00a0 the\u00a0 social\u00a0 demands\u00a0 and\u00a0 the aesthetic\u00a0 criteria\u00a0 of\u00a0 their\u00a0 time and\u00a0 their own\u00a0 geopolitical space. These therefore were the\u00a0 basic\u00a0 societal\u00a0 incentives\u00a0 for\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cextraordinary\u201d and\u00a0 \u201caccelerated\u201d\u00a0 cultural\u00a0 and\u00a0 historical development of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek Race\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek Nation.<\/p>\n
In\u00a0 contrast, within the Traditional\u00a0 Jewish Civilization\u00a0 of\u00a0 2,500\u00a0 years, its\u00a0 philosophic constructs\u00a0 and\u00a0 ideological\u00a0 values had\u00a0 already\u00a0 been defined since\u00a0 its\u00a0 foundation, through \u201cdivine interventions\u201d\u00a0 and\u00a0 \u201cdivine guidelines\u201d, which meant they were\u00a0 revealed as\u00a0 \u201cabsolute\u201d, \u201cperfect\u201d and \u201cuntouchable\u201d!!! All this entailed, historically, socially\u00a0 and\u00a0 culturally, the \u201ctotal\u00a0 submission\u201d of\u00a0 all Jews to\u00a0 this\u00a0 \u201cdivine scheme\u201d, with\u00a0 no possibility of\u00a0 a\u00a0 historical\u00a0 evolution, since\u00a0 Human Beings are\u00a0 the\u00a0 sole creative\u00a0 social\u00a0 entities which can\u00a0 produce and\u00a0 promote\u00a0 historical events\u00a0 and historical\u00a0 developments, reacting to the\u00a0 specific societal needs and\u00a0 expectations of\u00a0 their time!!! Concluding, one\u00a0 could\u00a0 say that\u00a0 Traditional Jewish Civilization remained \u201dstatic\u201d ,\u00a0 since\u00a0 within their own society \u00a0, the\u00a0 philosophic principles of\u00a0 the \u201cdialectic mental process\u201d\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cfreedom of\u00a0 choice\u201d could\u00a0 not\u00a0 function!!!<\/p>\n
Philo the\u00a0 Jew(20B.C. -45A.D.),\u00a0 who\u00a0 lived\u00a0 in\u00a0 Alexandria, Egypt, during the\u00a0 time\u00a0 of\u00a0 Jesus\u00a0 Christ, came\u00a0 from a\u00a0 rich and\u00a0 aristocratic\u00a0 Jewish family\u00a0 of Egypt, had\u00a0 studied in\u00a0 Greek schools(gymnasiums) , had\u00a0 his\u00a0 own\u00a0 personal\u00a0 Greek \u00a0tutors, while\u00a0 he only\u00a0 spoke\u00a0 Greek!!! In\u00a0 the previous\u00a0 part of\u00a0 our\u00a0 narrative(Epilogue b3), we\u00a0 examined in\u00a0 detail\u00a0 the\u00a0 biography of\u00a0 Philo, because he\u00a0 represents an important\u00a0 historical\u00a0 figure who\u00a0 defined not\u00a0 only\u00a0 the theology of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Jews, but\u00a0 the\u00a0 theology of\u00a0 Christians and\u00a0 later on of\u00a0 Moslems. He\u00a0 is\u00a0 considered the\u00a0 first\u00a0 theologian of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Christian Religion by\u00a0 the\u00a0 Fathers of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Orthodox Church, because\u00a0 all of\u00a0 his\u00a0 theological analysis was\u00a0 based on the Old\u00a0 Testament\u00a0 as\u00a0 was Christianity,\u00a0 with\u00a0 the\u00a0 critical\u00a0 exception of\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cUniversal Spiritual\u00a0 Teachings\u201d of\u00a0 Jesus\u00a0 Christ, even though he had been\u00a0 educated\u00a0 to\u00a0 become\u00a0 a\u00a0 Jewish\u00a0 Rabbi!!!<\/p>\n
Philo was a\u00a0 historian, a\u00a0 philosopher, a\u00a0 theologian\u00a0 and\u00a0 a\u00a0 politician. His\u00a0 philosophic\u00a0 and\u00a0 ideological principles\u00a0 were\u00a0 based on\u00a0 the\u00a0 Old Testament\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 Jewish\u00a0 Prophets, all \u00a0under\u00a0 the\u00a0 guidance and\u00a0 the\u00a0 guidelines of\u00a0 the High Jewish Priesthood\u00a0 of\u00a0 Judea\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 Jewish\u00a0 Religious\u00a0 Establishment of\u00a0 Egypt. The\u00a0 purpose of\u00a0 his \u00a0teachings was the \u201cdistortion\u201d and the\u00a0 \u201csubversion\u201d of\u00a0 the\u00a0 historical and \u00a0cultural\u00a0 identity\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Ancient Greek\u00a0 Civilization and\u00a0 the\u00a0 human\u00a0 factors\u00a0 and\u00a0 creations which\u00a0 had\u00a0 composed it. Philo in\u00a0 his\u00a0 teachings and\u00a0 writings\u00a0 supported\u00a0 absolutely the\u00a0 thesis\u00a0 that\u00a0 the philosophic and political concepts, the\u00a0 scientific discoveries and\u00a0 inventions, as\u00a0 well\u00a0 as\u00a0 the literature of\u00a0 Ancient\u00a0 Greek Scholars, were founded\u00a0 on\u00a0 the\u00a0 divine revelations, principles and\u00a0 stipulations of\u00a0 the Old\u00a0 Testament!!! Nevertheless, all of\u00a0 these hyperbolic cultural and\u00a0 ideological positions of\u00a0 Philo were easily accepted\u00a0 and\u00a0 adopted\u00a0 by\u00a0 his wider public audience \u00a0and\u00a0 readers, since they\u00a0 had\u00a0 accepted \u00a0him as the\u00a0 most important\u00a0 \u00a0theologian of\u00a0 Christianity and\u00a0 Judaism, and\u00a0 later on of\u00a0 Islam!!!<\/p>\n
As\u00a0 a\u00a0 consequence, in\u00a0 order to\u00a0 better comprehend\u00a0 the\u00a0 Traditional Jewish\u00a0 Civilization, we\u00a0 will have to address\u00a0 ourselves\u00a0 exclusively to\u00a0 the texts\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Old\u00a0 Testament, discovering and\u00a0 clarifying the\u00a0 basic ideological, philosophic and\u00a0 existential\u00a0 priorities\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Jews and their\u00a0 Civilization!!!<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
I\u00a0 believe that\u00a0 the\u00a0 most\u00a0 critical philosophic and\u00a0 ideological\u00a0 principles of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Jewish\u00a0 Religious Tradition\u00a0 are\u00a0\u00a0 found in\u00a0 the\u00a0 Book\u00a0 of\u00a0 Genesis, first in\u00a0 the\u00a0 Second\u00a0 Chapter,\u00a0 where\u00a0 the\u00a0 God\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0\u00a0 Jews is\u00a0 seen\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 Garden\u00a0 of\u00a0 Eden giving\u00a0 instructions\u00a0 to\u00a0 Adam, the\u00a0 first human being God\u00a0 created, briefly\u00a0 telling him what his\u00a0 conduct should be\u00a0 towards Him. This\u00a0 God\u00a0 demanded from\u00a0 Adam \u201cabsolute obedience\u201d to\u00a0 all\u00a0 of\u00a0 His\u00a0 commands, dismissing Adam\u2019s\u00a0 right\u00a0 to\u00a0 \u201cpersonal\u00a0 judgement\u201d and\u00a0 \u201cself-knowledge\u201d!!! Therefore, God\u00a0 metaphorically\u00a0 and\u00a0 symbolically\u00a0 announced to\u00a0 him\u00a0 the\u00a0 following, \u2019You\u00a0 may\u00a0 freely eat\u00a0 of\u00a0 every\u00a0 tree\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 garden; but\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 tree of\u00a0 the\u00a0 knowledge of\u00a0 good\u00a0 and\u00a0 evil you shall not\u00a0 eat, for\u00a0 in the day that you eat it ,you\u00a0 shall die\u2019!!!(The Old Testament, Book of Genesis, Second Chapter, verses 16-17).<\/p>\n
Later on, God\u00a0 created woman, Eve, so\u00a0 that\u00a0 Adam could\u00a0 have a\u00a0 companion\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 Garden of Eden. At some point in time, the Snake sent by Satan, entered the Garden of\u00a0 Eden, approaching Eve and enquiring her about God\u2019s guidelines forbidding her\u00a0 and\u00a0 Adam to\u00a0 taste the fruit from the\u00a0 Tree of\u00a0 Knowledge. In\u00a0 Chapter 3, verses 4\u00a0 and\u00a0 5, the\u00a0 Snake clarifies to\u00a0 Eve the\u00a0 following, \u2018You will not die; for God\u00a0 knows that\u00a0 when you\u00a0 eat of\u00a0 it your eyes will be\u00a0 opened and\u00a0 you\u00a0 will be like God knowing good\u00a0 and evil\u2019!!!<\/p>\n
Eve ate from the fruit of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Tree of\u00a0 Knowledge and\u00a0 then gave it\u00a0 to\u00a0 Adam to\u00a0 taste it. God tracked\u00a0 them down, catching\u00a0 them\u00a0 eating\u00a0 the forbidden fruit, and right\u00a0 then and\u00a0 there, in\u00a0 essence cursed them to live \u201can\u00a0 earthly\u00a0 existence\u201d and \u201ca natural\u00a0 life\u201d!!! A mortal life with\u00a0 all the\u00a0 adversities, the\u00a0 physical hardships, the strenuous survival and the psychological \u201cwear\u00a0 and\u00a0 tear\u201d incurred by\u00a0 their common conflicts and rivalries. Then, God expelled\u00a0 them from\u00a0 the Garden of\u00a0 Eden\u00a0 or\u00a0 Paradise, as is\u00a0 traditionally known!!!<\/p>\n
Essentially , in\u00a0 the\u00a0 Traditional Jewish\u00a0 Civilization, the\u00a0 mythological human prehistory begins with\u00a0 a\u00a0 divine curse for\u00a0 a nightmarish human existence, full\u00a0 of obtrusive implications\u00a0 for\u00a0 survival, human\u00a0 mortality, interpersonal conflicts and residing outside of Paradise!!! All this\u00a0 hellish earthly \u00a0existence as\u00a0 divine\u00a0 punishment for\u00a0 \u201chuman disobedience\u201d and \u201cpersonal initiative\u201d!!!<\/p>\n
In\u00a0 the Christian Religion, this\u00a0 sinful\u00a0 act committed by\u00a0 Adam\u00a0 and\u00a0 Eve\u00a0 has been called \u201cthe original sin\u201d, with\u00a0 the divine\u00a0 condemnation of\u00a0 Man to\u00a0 roam\u00a0 the Earth and\u00a0 to\u00a0 suffer many hardships all of\u00a0 His Life. Man \u00a0had\u00a0 very little\u00a0 chance \u00a0to\u00a0 change His Tragic Destiny, since God was\u00a0 the only Universal Entity which could\u00a0 decide and\u00a0 determine all \u00a0of the details of\u00a0 Man\u2019s\u00a0 existence \u201cuntil the\u00a0 end of time\u201d!!!<\/p>\n
Under these divine existential limitations, Mankind had no choices in creating and\u00a0 constructing the framework of his\u00a0 own\u00a0 everyday life and his own \u00a0society. There wasn\u2019t\u00a0 any\u00a0 opportunity \u00a0or incentives for\u00a0 \u201cfree thought\u201d ,meaning the freedom to create a\u00a0 more substantial life, socially, economically, aesthetically and\u00a0 culturally!!! The\u00a0 God\u00a0 of\u00a0 the Jews had\u00a0 brought\u00a0 their civilization \u201cinto a standstill\u201d and\u00a0 a \u201ccultural inertness\u201d which\u00a0 is\u00a0 continuing until the\u00a0 present day!!!<\/p>\n
In contrast, we\u00a0 observe in\u00a0 Ancient Greek Civilization through the \u201cTheogony\u201d, the work\u00a0 of\u00a0 Hesiod who is\u00a0 an\u00a0 ancient\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 poet, second in\u00a0 importance to\u00a0 Homer and who lived \u00a0between the \u00a08th<\/sup>\u00a0 and\u00a0 7th<\/sup>\u00a0 century\u00a0 B.C., that\u00a0 the\u00a0 creation of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Universe did not\u00a0 materialize through\u00a0 the actions of\u00a0 a\u00a0 Central Divinity or\u00a0 of\u00a0 Central\u00a0 Divinities. In\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cTheogony\u201d , Hesiod\u00a0 writes that the\u00a0 Universe was\u00a0 created\u00a0 from\u00a0 Chaos, a\u00a0 multidimensional benevolent \u00a0creative \u00a0entity. After this\u00a0 cosmic\u00a0 event, Gaea(Earth) , Tartarus\u00a0 and\u00a0 Eros were\u00a0 born, and\u00a0 then, Gaea gave\u00a0 birth\u00a0 to\u00a0 Uranus with\u00a0 whom she\u00a0 begot Oceanos(Ocean) , the Titans , the Cyclops and\u00a0 the\u00a0 Hectochires. Through the coupling of\u00a0 the\u00a0 various divinities, new divinities were born, like Prometheus , a\u00a0 Titan who\u00a0 had\u00a0 stolen the\u00a0 Fire from\u00a0 the\u00a0 Gods\u00a0 of\u00a0 Mount Olympus\u00a0 and then\u00a0 gave\u00a0 it to Humans in\u00a0 order\u00a0 to improve\u00a0 the\u00a0 quality of\u00a0 their\u00a0 everyday\u00a0 lives. Through Hesiod\u2019s descriptions of\u00a0 the gods and\u00a0 the\u00a0 demigods, we witness a\u00a0 metaphysical \u00a0setting\u00a0 of\u00a0 antagonisms and\u00a0 alliances, similar to\u00a0 what\u00a0 occurs in\u00a0 the everyday\u00a0 life\u00a0 of\u00a0 mortals!!!(p.1-2, https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hsiothos<\/a>).<\/p>\n In\u00a0 his\u00a0 narrative related to the\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Pantheon , Hesiod emphasizes the importance of\u00a0 the Universal Role\u00a0 played by\u00a0 goddess Themis in\u00a0 enforcing the\u00a0 \u201cnatural order\u201d ,\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cmoral order\u201d and the \u201cinterpersonal equanimity\u201d through the\u00a0 established social\u00a0 formalities which\u00a0 touched upon not\u00a0 only mortals but\u00a0 also\u00a0 divinities of\u00a0 whatever status in the hierarchy of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Pantheon!!!<\/p>\n Themis in \u00a0Greek Mythology was\u00a0 the\u00a0 goddess who\u00a0 enacted justice universally which\u00a0 was\u00a0 \u201csacred\u201d and\u00a0 \u201cnot revealed\u201d, while it\u00a0 was\u00a0 superior to\u00a0 the\u00a0 volition of the gods and \u00a0goddesses!!! Represented by her\u00a0 daughters , Efnomia(rule of\u00a0 Law), Diki(retribution) and\u00a0 Irini(peace), goddess Themis, imposes a\u00a0 \u201cmoral order\u201d, since metaphorically, they symbolize the\u00a0 basic social\u00a0 components of\u00a0 a \u201charmonious and\u00a0 stable society\u201d. At\u00a0 the\u00a0 same\u00a0 time,\u00a0 her daughters Mires(fates), assign the\u00a0 destiny of\u00a0 every\u00a0 human being on\u00a0 behalf\u00a0 of their father , Zeus , the\u00a0 consort of\u00a0 their mother, goddess Themis, allocating\u00a0 to\u00a0 everyone the benefits that\u00a0 are\u00a0 due to them. Finally, through\u00a0 her\u00a0 daughters the\u00a0 Nymphs, goddess Themis prescribes all prophesies!!!(p.1-2,https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Themis<\/a>).<\/p>\n Previously, we noted that\u00a0 Hesiod was the ancient Greek poet only second in importance to\u00a0 Homer, while he\u00a0 lived during the\u00a0 same epoch\u00a0 as Homer, meaning between 700 and\u00a0 800 B.C. . The special\u00a0 attribute of\u00a0 these first\u00a0 scholars of\u00a0 Ancient\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Civilization which\u00a0 differentiates them from\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201crevealed scriptures\u201d of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Old\u00a0 Testament is\u00a0 the\u00a0 fact that\u00a0 in\u00a0 their\u00a0 oral\u00a0 accounts as\u00a0 epic poets, they\u00a0 functioned as \u201ccreative\u00a0 human entities\u201d who aimed at\u00a0 contributing personally towards\u00a0 an analysis and an\u00a0 evaluation of\u00a0 their themes, without any\u00a0 external\u00a0\u00a0 interpolation, especially \u00a0a metaphysical one!!!<\/p>\n As\u00a0 examples, we could\u00a0 address ourselves to\u00a0 the\u00a0 works of\u00a0 Homer, who is\u00a0 widely considered as\u00a0 the\u00a0 Creator of\u00a0 the First Literature in\u00a0 Europe, while in\u00a0 Plato\u2019s\u00a0 \u201cRepublic\u201d, the\u00a0 philosopher distinguishes him with the\u00a0 titles of\u00a0 the \u201cfirst teacher of\u00a0 tragedy\u201d, \u201cthe\u00a0 leader of\u00a0 learning\u201d\u00a0 and the \u201ceducator\u00a0 of\u00a0 Greece\u201d!!!(p.1,https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homer<\/a>).<\/p>\n From what\u00a0 I\u00a0\u00a0 can gather, the present Greek\u00a0 Orthodox Archbishop of\u00a0 Greece, Ieronimos,is not\u00a0 very knowledgeable of\u00a0 Ancient\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Civilization, since in\u00a0 July of\u00a0 2009, in\u00a0 a\u00a0 formal ceremony under the\u00a0 Acropolis in\u00a0 Athens, lecturing about the\u00a0 contribution made by\u00a0 Saint\u00a0 Paul to\u00a0 European Civilization, he specified\u00a0 that, \u2018\u2026 Athenians, Hellenes, Europeans, have\u00a0 to\u00a0 thank\u00a0 most\u00a0 of\u00a0 all \u00a0Saint Paul\u2026\u2019, and\u00a0 he continued by\u00a0 adding\u00a0 that, \u2018\u2026 he\u00a0 is\u00a0 our\u00a0 teacher. He is the preacher of love, he \u00a0is\u00a0 a social worker\u2026\u2019!!!(translated from Greek)(p.1, http:\/\/sfrang.blogspot.gr\/2009\/07\/blog-post_15.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n These are\u00a0 the\u00a0 actual\u00a0 commentaries made by the\u00a0 Greek Orthodox \u00a0Archbishop of\u00a0 Greece, revealing in very clear and\u00a0 concrete terms what\u00a0 has\u00a0 always been\u00a0 the\u00a0 official position of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Orthodox\u00a0 Church\u00a0 with\u00a0 respect to\u00a0 Ancient\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Civilization; that\u00a0 Civilization\u00a0 which\u00a0 has\u00a0 defined the\u00a0 cultural, political, scientific\u00a0 and\u00a0 artistic sets\u00a0 of\u00a0 reference within\u00a0 the\u00a0 Modern\u00a0 Western\u00a0 World!!!<\/p>\n Homer was the First\u00a0 Educator of\u00a0 Greeks\u00a0 because through his\u00a0 two famous epics, the\u00a0 Iliad and\u00a0 the\u00a0 Odyssey, not\u00a0 only did\u00a0 he describe the\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Mythology, meaning the identities of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 divinities and\u00a0 the relations between them, but he\u00a0 also\u00a0 clarified the initiatives and\u00a0 the\u00a0 interventions undertaken by these\u00a0 divinities concerning the everyday\u00a0 activities of\u00a0 mortals.<\/p>\n A few \u00a0Greek divinities\u00a0 identified themselves with\u00a0 some\u00a0 mortals and\u00a0 allied with\u00a0 these, competing with other Greek\u00a0 divinities who supported their\u00a0 opponents. Clashes did not only occur between mortals\u00a0 but\u00a0 also\u00a0 between divinities for the\u00a0 sake of mortals that\u00a0 they\u00a0 were affiliated to . Eventually there is Order, because the\u00a0 Highest Greek Divinity, Zeus, does not\u00a0 want for\u00a0 any one side to\u00a0 have\u00a0 absolute control over the\u00a0 course of events, whether they represent divinities or\u00a0 mortals, while transgressing these Universal \u201cchecks and\u00a0 balances\u201d is punished by\u00a0 Him through his wife\u00a0 Themis.<\/p>\n Therefore, we\u00a0 observe that\u00a0 in the Trojan War, goddess Athena and god Apollo supported the Greeks, while god Poseidon and goddess Aphrodite were the allies of the\u00a0 Trojans. In Homer\u2019s epic the Odyssey, Poseidon tries very hard to disrupt Odysseus\u2019s\u00a0 journey back\u00a0 to\u00a0 his homeland and\u00a0 his kingdom, the island of\u00a0 Ithaki in the Ionian Sea, creating\u00a0 insurmountable obstacles for him. This\u00a0 enmity of\u00a0 Poseidon towards\u00a0 the Greek hero Odysseus was generated\u00a0 when this\u00a0 \u201cmortal hero\u201d blinded the\u00a0 god\u2019s son, Cyclope \u00a0Poliphimos, on\u00a0 \u201cthe island\u00a0 of\u00a0 the man-eaters\u201d. Living through all these extremely\u00a0 horrendous travel\u00a0\u00a0 circumstances, created and\u00a0 imposed by\u00a0 Poseidon to obstruct or\u00a0 even neutralize Odysseus, the last one,\u00a0 after\u00a0 seven years of\u00a0 gruelling adventures finally\u00a0 managed\u00a0 to return safe to\u00a0 his homeland, but only through the mediations\u00a0 and\u00a0 the interventions of\u00a0 goddess Athena and\u00a0 god Hermis, even with the aid and\u00a0 the support of Zeus , the most\u00a0 powerful divinity of Mount Olympus!!!(p.1,http:\/\/el.ancientgreekmythology.wikia.com\/wiki\/Odysseas<\/a>).<\/p>\n In the\u00a0 works of\u00a0 Hesiod, the didactic\u00a0 elements are\u00a0 much more\u00a0 prevalent than \u00a0those of\u00a0 Homer, because he introduces his\u00a0 own personal human\u00a0 attributes of\u00a0 empirical\u00a0 observation, judgement, wisdom and\u00a0 logic!!! For\u00a0 example in his work, \u201dWorks and\u00a0 Days\u201d, Hesiod\u00a0 introduces his\u00a0 own\u00a0 axioms\u00a0 concerning\u00a0 the\u00a0 way human beings should live, trying to\u00a0 convince\u00a0 them to\u00a0 become better persons and wiser\u00a0 in\u00a0 their everyday\u00a0 life\u00a0 and\u00a0 in\u00a0 their\u00a0 relationships with\u00a0 their\u00a0 fellow\u00a0 human\u00a0 beings. He\u00a0 urges them to\u00a0 work\u00a0 hard\u00a0 and to\u00a0 love\u00a0 the\u00a0 work\u00a0 they\u00a0 do\u00a0 because according to\u00a0 him, work offers the preconditions for\u00a0 success and\u00a0 happiness. Furthermore, Hesiod\u00a0 describes in\u00a0 detail, the\u00a0 methods through which\u00a0 farmers can cultivate their\u00a0 land in\u00a0 order to have better\u00a0 crop yields.(p.1,https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isiodos<\/a>).<\/p>\n Hesiod is\u00a0 analytical and\u00a0 methodical, passing on\u00a0 \u201cscientific information\u201d concerning various\u00a0 agricultural techniques, the\u00a0 economic organization of\u00a0 a\u00a0 society, the practical\u00a0 aspects of astronomy in\u00a0 a\u00a0 variety\u00a0 of human tasks and\u00a0 occupations, as well as a set\u00a0 of\u00a0 methods on\u00a0 how\u00a0 to\u00a0 calculate time. Many\u00a0 scholars\u00a0 in the Western World, consider Hesiod as the first\u00a0 Economist in\u00a0 History!!!(p.1,https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hesiod<\/a>).<\/p>\n In\u00a0 contrast to\u00a0 the \u201crevealed ideological values\u201d of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Traditional Jewish\u00a0 Civilization where all axioms are \u00a0recorded in the Old\u00a0 Testament ;\u00a0 values which have\u00a0 to\u00a0 be \u201cfollowed to the letter\u201d by practicing Jews without any alternations or omissions( in order to ensure the\u00a0 integrity and the\u00a0 permanence of the\u00a0 Jewish\u00a0 Nation\u00a0 and\u00a0 the Jewish Race), Ancient Greek\u00a0 Civilization was founded on the personal initiatives, the personal actions and the personal works\u00a0 of\u00a0 Greek mortals and\u00a0 divinities!!!<\/p>\n In Greek Mythology\u00a0 there\u00a0 are\u00a0 some\u00a0 personalities\u00a0 who\u00a0 symbolize the\u00a0 \u201cexistential\u00a0 propensity\u201d to\u00a0 define and\u00a0 determine their own\u00a0 course\u00a0 of\u00a0 life but \u00a0also\u00a0 the developments of their\u00a0 own communities, contrary\u00a0 to\u00a0 the \u201cdivine\u00a0 prerogatives\u201d\u00a0 of\u00a0 Zeus, the\u00a0 highest Olympian God, who maintained the \u201cnatural order\u201d and\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cmoral order\u201d\u00a0 of the\u00a0 Universe!!!<\/p>\n Oedipus, the son of\u00a0 Laius and\u00a0 Jocasta, king and\u00a0 queen of\u00a0 Thebes, came into conflict with\u00a0 the\u00a0 Olympian Divinities when they\u00a0 enforced their \u201cnatural\u201d and\u00a0 \u201cmoral\u201d order on\u00a0\u00a0 the inhabitants of\u00a0 Thebes by\u00a0 sending the Sphinx, a mythical\u00a0 monster whose role was \u00a0to punish those mortals who do not\u00a0 respect the Universal\u00a0 Order of\u00a0 the Olympian Gods. The\u00a0 Sphinx inflicted terror and\u00a0 devastation on the\u00a0 people of\u00a0 Thebes and\u00a0 their\u00a0 natural environment which\u00a0 had\u00a0 sustained them. The\u00a0 Sphinx represented a\u00a0 \u201cdivine\u00a0 scourge\u201d imposed for\u00a0 the\u00a0 disrespect demonstrated by\u00a0 the\u00a0 Thebans in\u00a0 their\u00a0 everyday\u00a0 lives towards the \u201cnatural\u201d\u00a0 and the \u201cmoral\u201d order of Zeus!!!<\/p>\n The\u00a0 only\u00a0 way\u00a0 to\u00a0 exterminate the\u00a0 Sphinx was\u00a0 if a mortal\u00a0 who\u00a0 came\u00a0 into contact with Her, answered her mysterious and\u00a0 difficult riddle, otherwise She\u00a0 would kill him. The\u00a0 riddle\u00a0 was\u00a0 the\u00a0 following:\u2019 What\u00a0 walks\u00a0 on\u00a0 four feet in\u00a0 the morning, two in\u00a0 the afternoon and\u00a0 three at\u00a0 night?\u2019. Oedipus met\u00a0 the\u00a0 Sphinx to answer the\u00a0 riddle\u00a0 and\u00a0 save\u00a0 the\u00a0 people of\u00a0 Thebes, from this \u201cdivine\u00a0 monster\u201d. Oedipus did not\u00a0 know then that\u00a0 he was\u00a0 the\u00a0 son of\u00a0 Laius, king of\u00a0 Thebes, who he had killed in\u00a0 a skirmish while\u00a0 traveling from\u00a0 Corinth to\u00a0 the\u00a0 Oracle\u00a0 at\u00a0 Delphi, with the\u00a0 purpose of\u00a0 asking \u00a0about the\u00a0 identity of his\u00a0 real\u00a0 parents.<\/p>\n King\u00a0 Laius had\u00a0 banished Oedipus from\u00a0 his\u00a0 kingdom when\u00a0 he\u00a0 was only\u00a0 a\u00a0 little child, because the\u00a0 Oracle at\u00a0 Delphi had\u00a0 warned him that he\u00a0 would beget a\u00a0 son who\u00a0 in the end would kill him. As a\u00a0 consequence, Oedipus was adopted by\u00a0 the\u00a0 king of\u00a0 Corinth, Polybus, and\u00a0 his\u00a0 queen Merope, when a\u00a0 shepherd found the\u00a0 child and\u00a0 handed it over to\u00a0 them, knowing that they had\u00a0 no children of\u00a0 their\u00a0 own. As\u00a0 a consequence, Oedipus was\u00a0 raised as\u00a0 a prince, \u00a0and was the natural heir to\u00a0 the\u00a0 throne of\u00a0 Corinth.<\/p>\n Concluding, we should emphasize the\u00a0 fact that even though Oedipus did not know that he came\u00a0 from Thebes and that he was the son of the king of Thebes\u00a0 Laius, he took the decision to face up to\u00a0 the\u00a0 Sphinx, endangering\u00a0 his\u00a0 own life if he could not\u00a0 answer correctly\u00a0 Her riddle. Yet, if he\u00a0 answered correctly , he would\u00a0 face the wrath\u00a0 and\u00a0 he fury of the gods, especially the anger of Zeus, since the \u201cdivine curse\u201d would have\u00a0 been eliminated with the intervention of a mortal!!! Oedipus accepted to live through this risky venture in order to\u00a0 save the people of Thebes from the misery and the terror which had been activated by the\u00a0 Olympian divinities, enforcing the \u201cnatural\u201d and\u00a0 \u201cmoral\u201d order of Zeus and his wife Themis!!!<\/p>\n Oedipus gave the correct answer to\u00a0 the riddle of the Sphinx \u00a0which\u00a0 was:\u2019 It\u00a0 is Man, since as an infant , he crawls on all fours; as an adult he\u00a0 walks on two legs and; in old age , he\u00a0 uses a walking stick.\u2019 After\u00a0 the correct answer by Oedipus, the Sphinx fell off a cliff and died!!!(p.1-2,http:\/\/www.eleftheria.gr\/apopsis\/arthra\/item\/90165<\/a>\u2026).<\/p>\n Following the success of this feat , the provisional king\u00a0 of\u00a0 Thebes, Creon, handed over the throne of\u00a0 Thebes to\u00a0 Oedipus and he let his own sister, queen Jocasta, the\u00a0 widow of king Laius, become the wife of Oedipus who\u00a0 was also his\u00a0 mother. At\u00a0 that\u00a0 moment, no\u00a0 one knew\u00a0 about\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u201cillicit\u201d family relations and \u00a0family\u00a0 entanglements concerning the main protagonists of this whole mythological story; a mythological story which became the first written Greek\u00a0 Tragedy!!!<\/p>\n Naturally, the gods and\u00a0 goddesses of\u00a0 Mount Olympus responded to the\u00a0 actions of\u00a0 Oedipus\u00a0 for\u00a0 neutralizing the \u201cdivine scourge\u201d of\u00a0 the Sphinx\u00a0 by causing a\u00a0 deadly and\u00a0 destructive plague which lasted for\u00a0 seven years, the\u00a0 number\u00a0 of years which\u00a0 Oedipus reigned as king of Thebes. The inhabitants of\u00a0 Thebes were informed by\u00a0 the\u00a0 various\u00a0 oracles that\u00a0 the\u00a0 cause for this plague was Oedipus himself,\u00a0 because through his personal relations and initiatives he had\u00a0 renounced the\u00a0 moral precepts of\u00a0 the\u00a0 gods. The people of\u00a0 Thebes finally\u00a0 decided\u00a0 to banish Oedipus from\u00a0 their own city!!!<\/p>\n Oedipus is\u00a0 a\u00a0 very\u00a0 important mythological figure in\u00a0 Ancient Greek Literature and in Ancient Greek Culture because through his own personal judgements and involvement in\u00a0 relation to\u00a0 a\u00a0 Divine\u00a0 Universal Order, he induced the\u00a0 passage of\u00a0 human\u00a0 existence from the \u201cmythical\u201d to\u00a0 the \u201chistoric\u201d!!! When Oedipus made personally the\u00a0 decision to\u00a0 confront the Sphinx\u00a0 and\u00a0 answer Her enigmatic riddle for\u00a0 the\u00a0 purpose of\u00a0 saving the inhabitants of Thebes from\u00a0 this \u201cdivine monster\u201d, not\u00a0 only did he put into\u00a0 question the\u00a0 \u201cnatural\u201d and the \u201cmoral\u201d order of\u00a0 goddess Themis and the\u00a0 Olympian divinities, but he also saw himself as the defender and the protector of\u00a0 the quality of their lives!!!<\/p>\n Oedipus in his meeting with the\u00a0 Sphinx, utilized his\u00a0 human capacities to exorcise\u00a0 her\u00a0 \u201cdivine role\u201d of\u00a0 avenger in the process of enforcing The Universal Equilibrium of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Gods. At the\u00a0 same\u00a0 time, Oedipus had\u00a0 negated\u00a0 the\u00a0 exclusivity of the Olympian Deities to impose their own moral standards on the actions and\u00a0 initiatives of\u00a0 human beings. Oedipus in\u00a0 his meeting with\u00a0 the\u00a0 Sphinx had utilized his logic, his\u00a0 wisdom, his compassion , his\u00a0 intelligence and his human courage to\u00a0 neutralize Her!!! Oedipus through his\u00a0 own initiatives\u00a0 and\u00a0 provocations, made\u00a0 Man into an\u00a0 active participant \u00a0in\u00a0 his own evolution, which\u00a0 means that Man writes his own History\u00a0 without any designations and interjections from the Divine!!!<\/p>\n The\u00a0 second\u00a0 most important personality in Ancient Greek Mythology\u00a0 and in\u00a0 Ancient\u00a0 Greek Literature\u00a0 who\u00a0 resists the\u00a0 \u201cnatural\u201d\u00a0 and\u00a0 the \u201cmoral\u201d order of the\u00a0 Gods in order to\u00a0 defend himself and his companions is Odysseus, who we learn about from\u00a0 the two epics of Homer, the Iliad and\u00a0 the Odyssey.<\/p>\n Odysseus\u00a0 was\u00a0 the king of the\u00a0 island\u00a0 of Ithaki on\u00a0 the Ionian Sea when the\u00a0 Greeks decided to\u00a0 attack Troy in order\u00a0 to\u00a0 bring back Princess Helen who was the wife of\u00a0 king\u00a0 Menelaos of\u00a0 Sparta, brother of\u00a0 Agamemnon , king of\u00a0 Mycene. Princess Helen had\u00a0 been abducted by\u00a0 Paris, prince of\u00a0 Troy and son of\u00a0 its king , Priamos. Odysseus was one of the major heroes of the\u00a0 Greeks in the\u00a0 Trojan\u00a0 War, while the others were Achilles, Agamemnon, Menelaos and Nestor, king\u00a0 of\u00a0 Pilos in the\u00a0 Peloponnese.<\/p>\n Odysseus\u00a0 was\u00a0 a\u00a0 brave soldier, a prudent king, a loyal\u00a0 comrade and\u00a0 a\u00a0 resourceful leader. He\u00a0 is\u00a0 someone who\u00a0 is\u00a0 always thinking, analysing the personalities and\u00a0 the psychology of the\u00a0 people with whom he collaborates. He\u00a0 is\u00a0 straightforward , valiant\u00a0 and\u00a0 bold, \u00a0\u00a0respects\u00a0 the young Greek\u00a0 warriors such as\u00a0 Achilles, while he is also protective and\u00a0 flexible with his young fellow companions from Ithaki, holding in check his emotions when they do\u00a0 no\u00a0 follow\u00a0 his orders and\u00a0 the\u00a0 aftermath is disastrous for\u00a0 everyone!!!! Finally, Odysseus living through the\u00a0 Trojan War and his\u00a0 grueling return voyage to his kingdom Ithaki, which took him seven years to\u00a0 complete, made him \u00a0stop trusting the\u00a0 wisdom and\u00a0 the impartiality of the\u00a0 Olympian Divinities!!!(p.2,http:\/\/el.ancientgreekmythology.wikia.com\/wiki\/Odysseas<\/a>).<\/p>\n We shall describe two events from the experiences of\u00a0 Odysseus during the\u00a0 periods of the\u00a0 Trojan War\u00a0 and afterwards, which\u00a0 clearly demonstrate the\u00a0 initiatives which\u00a0 he took contravening the \u201cnatural\u201d\u00a0 and the\u00a0 \u201cmoral\u201d order of the gods in\u00a0 order to\u00a0 protect the interests of\u00a0 the Greeks, the interests of\u00a0 his\u00a0 companions\u00a0 and naturally his own\u00a0 personal self\u00a0 and\u00a0 safety\u00a0 during his return voyage to his homeland and\u00a0 family.<\/p>\n We will\u00a0 begin with the\u00a0 Trojan War which\u00a0 had lasted for\u00a0 10\u00a0\u00a0 years and no one\u00a0 side had\u00a0 been able to\u00a0 achieve\u00a0 a\u00a0 decisive victory so\u00a0 that the war would end. Both warring camps , meaning he Trojans and the\u00a0 Greeks, had\u00a0 been debilitated with no\u00a0 concrete results. Odysseus who was an intelligent \u00a0and\u00a0 resourceful\u00a0 man, who \u00a0loved to\u00a0 devise various\u00a0 solutions to the problems that preoccupied him, constructed an\u00a0 enormous wooden horse, the famous Trojan Horse, so\u00a0 as\u00a0 to permit a\u00a0 number of\u00a0 Greek soldiers to\u00a0 enter the walls of\u00a0 Troy which were\u00a0 impenetrable until then. Under the guidance\u00a0 of\u00a0 Odysseus, the Greeks constructed this enormous wooden\u00a0 horse which was\u00a0 standing on huge wooden wheels. The\u00a0 wooden\u00a0 frame of\u00a0 the horse had a\u00a0 hidden trapdoor\u00a0 where a\u00a0 sufficient number of\u00a0 Greek soldiers could hide with their\u00a0 own\u00a0 weapons and\u00a0 stay hidden for\u00a0 the period of time needed to make a surprise assault!!!<\/p>\n The\u00a0\u00a0 plan was that\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek soldiers would pretend that\u00a0 they\u00a0 had accepted their\u00a0 own\u00a0 defeat and that they would sail to\u00a0 return to\u00a0 their homelands in the\u00a0 Peloponnese. Before making their \u201csimulated departure\u201d from Troy, the Greeks placed their\u00a0 Wooden Horse\u00a0 at\u00a0 the\u00a0 gates of\u00a0 the\u00a0 city\u00a0 as\u00a0 \u201cthe\u00a0 spoils\u201d of\u00a0 victory of\u00a0 the Trojans over\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greeks. The\u00a0 Greeks\u00a0 departed\u00a0 from Troy\u00a0 temporarily with\u00a0 their\u00a0 boats, while the\u00a0 Trojans very\u00a0 soon started to\u00a0 believe that they were the victors in the war and\u00a0 that the\u00a0 Greeks had\u00a0 finally accepted their\u00a0 military defeat, leaving definitely their kingdom!!!<\/p>\n After\u00a0 a\u00a0 few\u00a0 days, when\u00a0 the\u00a0 Trojans confirmed that\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek ships had\u00a0 disappeared from the horizon, finally becoming convinced that they were victorious, they opened the gates of\u00a0 the\u00a0 city, dragging the\u00a0 Wooden Horse within its interior. The\u00a0 Trojans then went into a frenzy of merriment, drinking all day long. When\u00a0 night fell\u00a0 and\u00a0 the inhabitants of\u00a0 Troy\u00a0 were in a\u00a0 state of\u00a0 intoxication and\u00a0 lethargy, the soldiers of\u00a0 Odysseus who\u00a0 were hidden inside the wooden frame of the Horse, creped out and were able to\u00a0 take over the undefended city\u00a0 easily; with\u00a0 very little resistance.<\/p>\n After the takeover of the city of\u00a0 Troy, the Greek soldiers committed many atrocities, killing many\u00a0 ordinary citizens, women and\u00a0 children, but also prisoners of war!!! The person responsible for\u00a0 this inhumane strategy and policy of the Greeks was Odysseus because in\u00a0 this\u00a0 particular case, he was\u00a0 the commander directing all military operations from the very beginning.(p.3,http:\/\/el.ancientgreekmythology.wiki<\/a>a.com\/wiki\/Odysseas).<\/p>\n Odysseus with his\u00a0 priorities and\u00a0 designs , making use of\u00a0 the Wooden Horse to\u00a0 overrun the\u00a0 city of\u00a0 Troy\u00a0 in an underhanded and devious manner, had\u00a0 trespassed and had ignored the\u00a0 \u201cmoral\u201d and the \u201cnatural\u201d order of\u00a0 the Olympian Divinities!!!<\/p>\n First\u00a0 of\u00a0 all, it was the way with\u00a0 which the Greek\u00a0 soldiers had attacked the Trojan soldiers, hiding within the\u00a0 cavity of the\u00a0 Trojan Horse, while the Trojans were not in \u00a0a\u00a0 position\u00a0 to\u00a0 fight back on\u00a0 equal terms, since they\u00a0 were intoxicated. The\u00a0 Greeks had contravened the \u201cestablished rules of\u00a0 combat\u201d\u00a0 between opposing warring camps, which prescribe that they\u00a0 face one\u00a0 another and that they are of\u00a0 equal\u00a0 potential!!!<\/p>\n Second, the Greek soldiers had\u00a0 violated the \u201cestablished rules of\u00a0 conduct of war\u201d when as victors, they committed atrocities. The\u00a0 Greek divinities considered the war\u00a0 violations\u00a0 executed \u00a0by\u00a0 Odysseus and\u00a0 his soldiers as a\u00a0 \u201cvilification\u201d and they stopped\u00a0 supporting the military\u00a0 leaders of\u00a0 the Greek armies, especially Odysseus, during his\u00a0 return voyage to the island of Ithaki which lasted seven years.<\/p>\n Similarly, Odysseus faced insurmountable obstacles during his return voyage because of\u00a0 the\u00a0 curse of god Poseidon, who had wished him never to complete this voyage to his kingdom and\u00a0 birthplace!!! Odysseus had blinded\u00a0 Poseidon\u2019s\u00a0 Cyclope son, Poliphimos, on the island of the man-eaters!!!Only in\u00a0 the\u00a0 final\u00a0 segment of\u00a0\u00a0 this\u00a0 tumultuous voyage , do\u00a0 we\u00a0 see goddess Athena and god Hermis intervening in order to\u00a0 facilitate Odysseus\u2019s return trip, convincing\u00a0 Zeus and\u00a0 the council of the Olympian divinities to \u00a0sustain him on a practical level!!! (p.2,http:\/\/el.ancientgreekmythology.wiki\/com\/wiki\/Odysseus<\/a>).<\/p>\n I\u00a0 would\u00a0 like here\u00a0 to\u00a0 take\u00a0 a\u00a0 pause and point out the heavy price which was paid by the\u00a0 Greek military \u00a0leaders\u00a0 for\u00a0 their\u00a0 policies\u00a0 in conducting the\u00a0 Trojan War,\u00a0 where they had\u00a0 completely disregarded the equilibriums of the \u201cnatural\u201d\u00a0 and\u00a0 \u201cmoral\u201d order maintained by\u00a0 Zeus\u00a0 and the\u00a0 Olympian divinities . None of\u00a0 these glorified Greek\u00a0 military commanders\u00a0 such as Achilles, Agamemnon, Menelaos and Nestor died a natural death. Even Odysseus was\u00a0 killed by\u00a0 his second son Tilegonos, who was the child he\u00a0 had with his former female companion, the sorceress Kirki!!!(p.2,http:\/\/el.ancientgreekmythology.wikia\/com\/wiki\/Odysseus<\/a>).<\/p>\n The\u00a0 third personality in Greek mythology which had\u00a0 acted against the universal order of the Olympian Gods for the benefit of mortals\u00a0 was\u00a0 Prometheus, a Titan like goddess Themis. The\u00a0 Titans represented the\u00a0 old\u00a0 divinities of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek Pantheon, before the\u00a0 twelve gods and\u00a0 goddesses of\u00a0 Olympus had established themselves \u00a0\u00a0at the pinnacle\u00a0 of Greek Theogony with the battles of the\u00a0 Titans. Zeus, the son of Kronos, the head divinity of the Titans, killed him and took the pre-eminence and the leadership of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Greek gods and\u00a0 demigods!!!<\/p>\n Prometheus , even though he\u00a0 was a member of the old divinities, he\u00a0 was in contact with the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus , especially with Zeus, the highest divinity. He\u00a0 therefore knew that these divinities possessed \u201cthe Fire\u201d to\u00a0 service themselves, a\u00a0 natural element which was forbidden to mortals\u00a0 whose use would improve the quality of their lives and develop their communities. The\u00a0 Greek gods\u00a0 and goddesses\u00a0 wanted Man to be feeble, deficient and subservient, thus ensuring their dominance and prestige over Humans!!!<\/p>\n Prometheus as with\u00a0 Themis , were both\u00a0 off springs \u00a0of\u00a0\u00a0 Titans, who supported the amelioration of\u00a0 the life of mortals. As\u00a0 a consequence , Prometheus stole the Fire from mount Olympus and gave it to Man. Prometheus had violated the tenets of the gods, especially those of Zeus, which\u00a0 forbade mortals to\u00a0 make use of it.<\/p>\n Zeus punished Prometheus even though he represented a\u00a0 Greek divinity, tying him on top\u00a0 of a cliff, where each\u00a0 day an eagle would come\u00a0 and devour his liver. The\u00a0 eagle of\u00a0 Zeus came each\u00a0 day because within a\u00a0 short time, the liver would rejuvenate itself. This divine punishment on Prometheus lasted for a very long\u00a0 time, until\u00a0 god\u00a0 Hermis intervened because he felt pity for him. Hermis convinced\u00a0 Zeus to\u00a0 let\u00a0 Prometheus free and to allow him to\u00a0 become part of the Olympian circle of\u00a0 divinities. I would \u00a0\u00a0like here \u00a0to emphasize an important dimension concerning the \u201ctheogony\u201d\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Ancient Greeks which is, that\u00a0 the powerful divinities of\u00a0 Mount Olympus by\u00a0 their nature and\u00a0 temperament wanted the \u201clesser divinities\u201d and the \u201cdemi gods\u201d\u00a0 to\u00a0 be subservient to\u00a0 them and insecure so\u00a0 that they\u00a0 could predominate and\u00a0 feel\u00a0 superior to all of them!!!<\/p>\n In\u00a0 order to\u00a0 better understand the difference of\u00a0 an \u201cexistential philosophy\u201d between the\u00a0 Ancient Greeks and\u00a0 the Traditional\u00a0 Jews, we shall compare the behaviour of\u00a0 the Greek students of Socrates and the Jewish students of Jesus Christ when their teachers had\u00a0 been condemned to death by the courts of their respective communities, which \u201cnaturally\u201d supported the interests of the Socio-Economic Establishment of their respective societies.<\/p>\n Let\u00a0 us\u00a0 begin with Socrates(469B.C.-399B.C.), who was born, raised and lived all of his life in Athens. Socrates is\u00a0 considered\u00a0 as one of the philosophers who\u00a0 contributed decisively for the way\u00a0 we comprehend philosophy today, while he also greatly influenced almost all of the philosophic\u00a0 schools of\u00a0 the\u00a0 West . Socrates is\u00a0 classified \u00a0as one of the most important figures of the Greek\u00a0 and\u00a0 the International Intellect and\u00a0 Civilization, as well as being one\u00a0 of the founders of\u00a0 Western Philosophy!!!<\/p>\n Socrates was an Athenian citizen which meant that he owned land, nevertheless, he\u00a0 was to a large\u00a0 degree poor because his land\u00a0 property was meagre and not very\u00a0 profitable, while he\u00a0 did not\u00a0 charge\u00a0 any fees\u00a0 for\u00a0 the lessons he\u00a0 gave to young people like\u00a0 many\u00a0 of his peers during that time. Most of\u00a0 his\u00a0 students came\u00a0 from aristocratic families, nevertheless Socrates did\u00a0 not\u00a0 have his\u00a0 own school premises\u00a0 since he\u00a0 did not\u00a0 teach systematically\u00a0 but initiated various philosophic discussions at\u00a0 every part of\u00a0 Athens, with people of every age and\u00a0 from every\u00a0 walk of life!!! Around him, he had\u00a0 a\u00a0 circle\u00a0 of\u00a0\u00a0 young\u00a0 students who\u00a0 \u201cadmired\u201d\u00a0 him and\u00a0 \u201cadored\u201d him, because through his\u00a0 deep \u00a0wisdom and\u00a0 extensive knowhow, they\u00a0 could discuss and\u00a0 learn about social, political, moral and religious matters!!!!<\/p>\n Socrates through his\u00a0 teachings, was socially, ideologically and philosophically\u00a0 a\u00a0 radical, questioning the \u201cundemocratic policies\u201d of\u00a0 the administrators of\u00a0 Athens and\u00a0 the\u00a0 economic privileges of the ruling\u00a0 class or aristocracy , at the expense of\u00a0 the\u00a0 average citizen!!! As\u00a0 a\u00a0 consequence, the\u00a0 political, social and\u00a0 economic\u00a0 establishment of\u00a0 Athens in 399B.C., officially accused Socrates of\u00a0 \u201cdisrespect for\u00a0 the gods\u201d and of \u201ccorrupting the youth\u201d!!! Based on these\u00a0 accusations, \u00a0he was given the\u00a0 death sentence by the court of\u00a0 Athens, with a difference of only 30 votes from the total of\u00a0 500 citizens who were eligible to a vote!!!(p.3,http:\/\/www.paraskinio.gr\/san-simera-o-sokratis-ipie-to-koneio\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n