{"id":1734,"date":"2018-08-16T00:00:36","date_gmt":"2018-08-15T21:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/?p=1734"},"modified":"2020-08-30T17:18:39","modified_gmt":"2020-08-30T14:18:39","slug":"todays-globalization-an-international-conspiracy-by-the-worlds-rich-and-powerful-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/todays-globalization-an-international-conspiracy-by-the-worlds-rich-and-powerful-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Today\u2019s Globalization- An International Conspiracy by the World\u2019s Rich and Powerful"},"content":{"rendered":"

C)\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization – a)\u00a0 Theory\u00a0 and\u00a0 Practice<\/p>\n

When we\u00a0 talk\u00a0 about\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization\u00a0 today, we\u00a0 naturally\u00a0 mean\u00a0 American\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization, since the\u00a0 United\u00a0 States\u00a0 of\u00a0 America\u00a0 is\u00a0 the sole\u00a0 and undisputed\u00a0 Political, Economic and\u00a0 Military\u00a0 Superpower\u00a0 in the\u00a0 world\u00a0 presently; playing out this \u201chegemonic\u00a0 historical\u00a0 role\u201d since the end of\u00a0 World\u00a0 War II.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 U.S.S.R\u00a0 during the 20th century , had\u00a0 attempted to become a\u00a0 Political, Economic\u00a0 and\u00a0 Military\u00a0 Superpower\u00a0 after\u00a0 World\u00a0 War\u00a0 II, constructing its\u00a0 own\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization\u00a0 as\u00a0 the most\u00a0 prominent\u00a0 and\u00a0 well\u00a0 organized\u00a0 geopolitical\u00a0 center\u00a0 of\u00a0 International\u00a0 Communism. It\u00a0 affected directly the socio-political and the\u00a0 socio-economic\u00a0 makeup and evolution of many\u00a0 Central and\u00a0 Eastern\u00a0 European countries,\u00a0 such\u00a0 as\u00a0 Poland, Hungary\u00a0 and\u00a0 East\u00a0 Germany, while also influencing\u00a0 indirectly\u00a0 the socio-political and the socio-economic foundations and development of\u00a0 non-Western\u00a0 countries\u00a0 such as\u00a0 China, Vietnam , North\u00a0 Korea\u00a0 and\u00a0 Egypt. This Communist Globalization scheme initiated by\u00a0 the\u00a0 Soviet\u00a0 Union after\u00a0 the\u00a0 Bolshevik\u00a0 Revolution of\u00a0 1919,eventually did not succeed because of the political rise of\u00a0 Communist China after World War II as the Soviet Union\u2019s\u00a0 non-Western \u201calter ego\u201d and also through the political and economic dismantling of the\u00a0 U.S.S.R\u00a0 after 1990.<\/p>\n

Our text on the Political Globalization created and promoted\u00a0 by\u00a0 the\u00a0 United\u00a0 States of\u00a0 America\u00a0 after\u00a0 World\u00a0 War II, is made up of 3\u00a0 sections.<\/p>\n

The first section describes the political evolution of\u00a0 that country from its foundation in 1776 . It\u00a0 demonstrates\u00a0 historically how the\u00a0 United\u00a0 States had functioned\u00a0 as a Western Imperialistic\u00a0 Power, not as a\u00a0 Western Republic, since it did not conform practically and actively to the 3 main tenets of\u00a0 liberal ideology, which is\u00a0 Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, on an individual and on a societal level.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 second section of our analysis on Political\u00a0 Globalization\u00a0 deals with the early stages of\u00a0 American Imperialism in relation to\u00a0 the\u00a0 American government\u2019s policy of\u00a0 subjugation, domination and\u00a0 exploitation of the First Indian Nations of\u00a0 North America and the Afro-American slaves under its administration.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 third\u00a0 section of our text on\u00a0 American Political\u00a0 Globalization historically begins after\u00a0 World\u00a0 War II\u00a0 until the present day, enumerating and defining the political tools, the policies and the strategies\u00a0 of the\u00a0 American government\u00a0 which legitimized , maintained and reinforced\u00a0 America\u2019s\u00a0 \u201cinternational hegemonic status\u201d as the only Global Superpower, politically, militarily, economically and culturally.<\/p>\n

I\u00a0 shall begin this section of\u00a0 my\u00a0 essay\u00a0 in a somewhat unorthodox way, briefly recounting two historical narratives\u00a0 whose\u00a0 existential\u00a0 essence is\u00a0 directly related to\u00a0 today\u2019s\u00a0 Globalization, whose\u00a0 goal\u00a0 is\u00a0 for a\u00a0 few number\u00a0 of individuals to\u00a0 secure absolute and total control\u00a0 of all of the world\u2019s resources, both human and material. It also\u00a0 aims\u00a0 at\u00a0\u00a0 manipulating\u00a0 the minds and the hearts of\u00a0 all human beings, installing a\u00a0 Totalitarian World Order, similar to that described in George Orwell\u2019s book \u201c1984\u201d or in Hollywood\u2019s science-fiction movie \u201cMatrix I\u201d, produced by\u00a0 the\u00a0 Wachowski brothers in 1999.<\/p>\n

Our first historical narrative is a well-known ancient Greek myth, which talks about King\u00a0 Midas and\u00a0 his \u201cgolden touch\u201d. This ancient fable explains the \u201chuman madness\u201d and the \u201chuman tragedy\u201d\u00a0 resulting\u00a0\u00a0 from \u201chuman greed\u201d\u00a0 and\u00a0 \u201chuman avarice\u201d. It is \u201chuman materialism\u201d\u00a0 that\u00a0 undermines true human happiness and human contentment,\u00a0 which should be\u00a0 free and universal , \u201cwith no price tags\u201d!!!<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

This ancient Greek myth goes as follows:<\/p>\n

\u2019 Midas was the powerful and rich king\u00a0 of\u00a0 Phrygia, an affluent state\u00a0 in\u00a0 Asia\u00a0 Minor. He lived in a luxurious palace with his\u00a0 daughter, who he loved immensely, being\u00a0 his only child. Even though Midas was a very powerful and very wealthy monarch, he believed that\u00a0 human happiness stemmed\u00a0 solely from the acquisition and the accumulation of\u00a0 material wealth, especially gold. Gold was his life\u2019s obsession!!!<\/p>\n

One day , Dionysus , one of the most\u00a0 influential of the\u00a0 Greek\u00a0 Olympian gods, was passing\u00a0 through\u00a0 the kingdom on his journey in\u00a0 Asia Minor, his native homeland. Dionysus was the god of wine and revelry. One of\u00a0 Dionysus favourite semi-divine companions, the satyr Silenus, was left behind in the long journey. As a consequence, Silenus decided to sleep it off in one of the famous rose gardens of\u00a0 Midas. The next day, King\u00a0 Midas found Silenus sleeping in his\u00a0 rose garden and immediately recognized him. He then invited him to spend a few days\u00a0 in his palace.<\/p>\n

Eventually, King Midas\u00a0 accompanied\u00a0 Silenus\u00a0 back to\u00a0 Dionysus, safe and sound. Dionysus felt very grateful\u00a0 towards Midas for his hospitality to his loved\u00a0 companion, promising him to grant him any wish. After thinking for a while, Midas asked\u00a0 Dionysus to give him the power \u201cto turn into gold\u201d anything he touched. Dionysus suggested to Midas to think carefully about what\u00a0 his wish could entail, but King Midas remained adamant. Dionysus had no other choice but to grant him his wish, telling him that from the next day, everything he touched would turn into gold.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0 following\u00a0 day, when\u00a0 Midas woke up, he was curious to see if\u00a0 his\u00a0 wish\u00a0 had been\u00a0 granted by\u00a0 the\u00a0 Olympian god. So, he went and touched his table\u00a0 which immediately\u00a0 turned into gold. He\u00a0 was\u00a0 so thrilled, that he went around his palace touching\u00a0 every object he could find. After all this ecstatic activity, he sat\u00a0 at his table to eat his breakfast, cutting a rose to smell it. The rose turned into gold and there was no fragrance. Midas then thought that he could smell the roses without touching them. The next moment , he took a grape from his plate to eat it, but it also turned into gold and he couldn\u2019t\u00a0 taste it or eat it. The same thing happened with a slice of bread he wanted to eat and a glass of water that he wanted\u00a0 to drink from. Midas was terrified and he started to cry in desperation. His only daughter heard all the commotion and entered his room to console him. When\u00a0 Midas took her in his arms, she was metamorphosed into a lifeless golden statue. Midas very distraught raised his arms to the heavens and prayed to\u00a0 Dionysus to take back his wish , since\u00a0 it had\u00a0 become\u00a0 a \u201cterrible curse\u201d!!!<\/p>\n

Dionysus felt sorry for\u00a0 Midas\u00a0 and told him to go to a nearby river, Pactolus, and wash his hands in it. Midas followed the god\u2019s instructions and returned to his palace. Now, everything he touched turned back to its natural\u00a0 state. He instantly went and hugged his daughter , bringing her \u201cback\u00a0 to life\u201d!!! Midas was now truly happy!!!<\/p>\n

From this \u201cterrifying experience\u201d,\u00a0\u00a0 Midas became a better man and a more generous person. He was thankful for the good things life offered, especially the \u201csimple\u201d and\u00a0 \u201cprecious\u201d ones, like the love of his daughter, the fragrance of a rose\u00a0 or a refreshing glass of water!!!(https:\/\/www.greeka.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

The second historical narrative which is\u00a0 also biographical, takes place in the\u00a0 20th\u00a0 century,\u00a0 in\u00a0 North\u00a0 America, and more specifically in\u00a0 Canada. It concerns a real everyday personality\u00a0 who was considered maybe the richest businessman in\u00a0 Canada and one of the wealthiest people in the world. His name is\u00a0 Paul\u00a0 Desmarais(1927-2013), a\u00a0 French Canadian, raised and based in the province of\u00a0 Ontario in Sudbury.<\/p>\n

Paul\u00a0 Desmarais came from\u00a0 a wealthy\u00a0 French Canadian\u00a0 family, whose father, Jean-Noel Desmarais\u00a0 was a successful\u00a0 lawyer and\u00a0 businessman. After attending exclusive private schools and prestigious universities in\u00a0 North\u00a0 America\u00a0 and\u00a0 Europe, he began a very\u00a0 successful career in the private\u00a0 sector. He eventually\u00a0 founded\u00a0 his own company, Power Corporation of\u00a0 Canada, a giant transnational enterprise which dealt with transportation, banking, communication , and the lumber and paper industries. He owned\u00a0 large house properties in Canada, in\u00a0 Florida, in California, in New York and in southern France. In 2007,\u00a0 he was classed as the 4th\u00a0 richest person in\u00a0 Canada, and one of the richest entrepreneurs\u00a0 in the world. His personal fortune was estimated then at approximately\u00a0 6 billion American dollars!!!(http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n

In the early 1980s , when I\u00a0 was still living in\u00a0 Montreal, Canada, Paul\u00a0 Desmarais gave a personal interview to a\u00a0 French Canadian\u00a0\u00a0 TV\u00a0 reporter, who worked for\u00a0 Radio Canada, the French\u00a0 version of the CBC, the\u00a0 Canadian Broadcasting\u00a0 Corporation. The hour long interview of\u00a0 Paul\u00a0 Desmarais\u00a0 was in\u00a0 French\u00a0\u00a0 ,and\u00a0 I watched the entire program , being curious about what this famous French Canadian magnate would confide to the woman reporter.<\/p>\n

The woman , who was very experienced and successful in her craft, presented her questions in a very\u00a0 direct and forceful way, but simply and gracefully. She inquired about every aspect of his life, from economics to politics, from his family upbringing and his family, to his business ventures and his vast empire, which involved transnational commercial and financial interests. Paul Desmarais answered all the questions\u00a0 the woman reporter put to him , in a calm , clear and direct manner.<\/p>\n

Near the very end of this interview, the woman reporter asked him a final question on a very personal level. She said to him, \u2018You sir, were raised in a very affluent family environment, you had\u00a0 the best education money\u00a0 can buy, you have a happy and healthy family, you have travelled around the world many times, you have houses in many places and you are\u00a0 a very successful international businessman and one of the richest persons not only in\u00a0 Canada but in the world. What else do you want?\u2019 Paul\u00a0 Desmarais replied\u00a0 very quickly, in a very calm and sincere way by saying, \u2018I\u00a0 want everything\u2019, and he really meant it!!!<\/p>\n

The woman reporter at first felt uneasy\u00a0 with his\u00a0 simple response, but she\u00a0 soon composed herself, knowing\u00a0 from experience that this\u00a0 very brief and honest\u00a0 response was the only objective answer Paul\u00a0 Desmarais\u00a0 could give. She\u00a0 understood that through his particular \u201cstate of mind\u201d , as a very powerful and successful international businessman, he could not\u00a0 fathom or perceive any type of \u00a0limitation to his entrepreneurial drive of acquiring more and more wealth and power, \u201ctill kingdom come\u201d, exactly like\u00a0 King\u00a0 Midas of Phrygia thousands of\u00a0 years ago!!!<\/p>\n

From these two descriptions of\u00a0 famous\u00a0\u00a0 historical\u00a0 personalities, separated by\u00a0 more than 3,000 years, we could make the following observations\u00a0 concerning\u00a0\u00a0 the nature of the modern human being (in contrast to primitive man) and the social culture he has constructed\u00a0 progressively through time.<\/p>\n

First of all, we see that the modern human being through history has\u00a0 by instinct been, self-serving, avaricious and materialistic, to the detriment of\u00a0 his\u00a0 own personal\u00a0 quality of life, his mental integrity and his comprehension of the natural limitations of\u00a0 his mortal existence. These powerful human qualities and behavioral tendencies have undermined the\u00a0 general welfare of all of humanity and the welfare of our planet; they have stifled a\u00a0\u00a0 well\u00a0\u00a0 balanced and progressive\u00a0 human evolution which would have\u00a0 benefited\u00a0\u00a0 everyone, anywhere , and at any time!!!<\/p>\n

The second important conclusion that we can come to, relative to the\u00a0 \u201cmodern human specie\u201d, is that in ancient human cultures , like in\u00a0 Ancient\u00a0 Greece or in Ancient\u00a0 India, almost all of the human traits that we know of today, remained constant and permanent in all of their\u00a0 manifestations. Nevertheless , at the same time, there were\u00a0 active\u00a0 socio-cultural tools and incentives in the everyday life of people so as to be able to distinguish what were\u00a0 the beneficial and\u00a0 what\u00a0 the destructive aspects of human nature, within the context of the general societal\u00a0 good\u00a0 and the human mental equilibriums.<\/p>\n

In ancient cultures, \u201cpopular wisdom\u201d was critical to human survival\u00a0 and human progress, which through time evolved into a well structured \u201cdialectic thought process\u201d. This ancient popular wisdom is made more evident within the oral and written forms of ancient religious tenets and ancient mythologies, in ancient verses and in ancient narratives such as ancient fables, ancient epics and ancient ceremonial tragedies. The distinction between what is detrimental and what is beneficial to the quality of human life in general ,\u00a0 and what represents human virtue in relation to human vice, was made clear to all, through\u00a0 popular social culture.<\/p>\n

At the present time, especially in\u00a0 Western culture, there is really no popular wisdom and no\u00a0 dialectic thought instilled and ingrained\u00a0 in popular human culture. What exists today, is the prevalence of\u00a0 \u201cvirtual social reality\u201d, based exclusively on egocentric and self-serving \u201cmaterialistic consumer priorities\u201d. There is no critical criteria of what is \u201cpractically\u201d and\u00a0 \u201cpragmatically\u201d beneficial to the individual and to society as a whole, since the dominant \u201cvirtual social environment\u201d has produced\u00a0 a one dimensional, homogenized and passive human entity!!!<\/p>\n

Human thought, human feelings and human expression have been blunted or repressed by\u00a0 a\u00a0 Globalized Ideology of\u00a0 \u201cwestern virtual reality\u201d which has very little in common with the infinite\u00a0 complexities of life and of human nature. These are the main reasons why the\u00a0 Rich and the Powerful of the world today, a miniscule proportion of the world\u2019s population , have been able to control and\u00a0 dominate our lives. In our Virtual Social\u00a0 Culture these \u201cpowerful scavengers\u201d have become the \u201cprototypes\u201d of our living standards, even though we know that through their \u201cpsychotic fixation\u201d for power and wealth, they are distorting and dismantling our everyday existence, our human psyche\u00a0 and our own planet!!!<\/p>\n

All of this is \u201cpure human madness\u201d within a psychiatric clinical context,\u00a0 forcing more and more people around the world, of all ages and social backgrounds, to consume daily, vast amounts of\u00a0 anti-depressant and analgesic-opioid\u00a0 drugs (with the collusion of psychiatrists and transnational drug\u00a0 companies), just to cope with\u00a0 the schizophrenic and self-destructive\u00a0 \u201cvirtual reality\u201d they are living through!!!<\/p>\n

Let\u00a0 us now try to provide an objective\u00a0 definition of\u00a0\u00a0 Today\u2019s\u00a0 Political\u00a0\u00a0 Globalization\u00a0 as\u00a0 prescribed by some well -established socio-political\u00a0 scientists\u00a0 quoted in Wikipedia, on their website en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_Globalization.<\/p>\n

William R. Thompson, professor of international relations, has defined\u00a0\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization\u00a0 as \u201cthe expansion of\u00a0 a global political system and its institutions in which inter-regional transactions(including, but certainly not limited to trade) are managed\u201d. Valentine M. Moghadam, professor of sociology, defined it as, \u201can increasing trend toward multilateralism (in which the United Nations plays a key role), toward an emerging \u2018transnational state apparatus\u2019, and toward the emergence of national and international non-governmental organisations that act as watchdogs over government and have increased their activities and influence.\u201d<\/p>\n

Then, Manfred B. Steger, professor of global and transnational sociology, specifies that\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization\u00a0 \u201crefers to the intensification and expansion of political interrelations\u00a0 across the globe.\u201d Finally, Colin Crouch, professor of sociology and political science, writes that , \u201cPolitical globalization refers to the growing power of\u00a0 institutions of global governance such as the\u00a0 World\u00a0 Bank, the\u00a0 International\u00a0 Monetary Fund(IMF) and the\u00a0 World Trade Organization(WTO). But it also refers to the spread and influence of international non-governmental organizations, social movement organizations and transnational advocacy\u00a0\u00a0 networks , operating\u00a0 across\u00a0 borders and constituting a kind of global civil society.<\/p>\n

All of the above definitions present some valid aspects or real components of Political\u00a0 Globalization, each one emphasizing and isolating some specific dimensions of\u00a0 it. For example, we have \u2018the expansion of\u00a0 a global political system and its institutions\u2019. Also,\u00a0 there is the fact of\u00a0 \u2018the increasing trend toward multilateralism in which the United\u00a0 Nations plays a key role\u2019. Then, we\u00a0 observe ,\u2019 the intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe\u2019. And\u00a0 finally, we become conscious of , \u2018the growing power of institutions of global governance such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund(IMF) and the\u00a0 World\u00a0 Trade Organization(WTO)\u2019.<\/p>\n

As\u00a0 I have already noted, each one of these well- established scholars describes\u00a0 only\u00a0 \u201ca small piece\u201d of the\u00a0 \u201ccomplete puzzle\u201d, which should accurately\u00a0 reflect\u00a0 the real image of\u00a0 today\u2019s Political Globalization. This\u00a0 \u201cscholarly intent\u201d is\u00a0 done I\u00a0\u00a0 think on purpose, so that the real essence of the whole puzzle will not\u00a0 be revealed, which is\u00a0 American Political Globalization\u00a0 or the\u00a0 American Empire!!!!<\/p>\n

All of\u00a0 the different\u00a0 components or the pieces of the puzzle which\u00a0 represent some aspects of\u00a0 today\u2019s\u00a0 Political Globalization, are practically and pragmatically directly defined, controlled and manipulated by\u00a0 American transnational political and economic\u00a0 organizations\u00a0 and\u00a0 interests. American hegemonic societal entities\u00a0 are able to dominate and monopolize \u201cinter-regional transactions\u201d\u00a0 and\u00a0 \u201cinternational non-governmental\u00a0 organizations\u201d such as the\u00a0 World Bank, the World Trade Organization and the\u00a0 United\u00a0 Nations, or international social movement organizations and\u00a0 transnational advocacy networks\u00a0 such as Green Peace, Amnesty International and the International Court in the\u00a0 Hague. The puzzle pieces if put together, show the image of an \u201cenormous elephant\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0 This\u00a0 \u201cenormous elephant\u201d is non- other than American Political Globalization or the American Empire!!!<\/p>\n

I\u00a0 used the metaphor of the\u00a0 \u201cenormous elephant\u201d to represent the\u00a0 American Empire or American Political Globalization because it reminds me of the ancient Indian fable of the\u00a0 \u201celephant and the blind men\u201d, since\u00a0 the\u00a0 blind men\u00a0 in the fable are like the political scientists\u00a0 defining Political Globalization, who\u00a0 by touching a certain part of the elephant, an unknown animal to them , tried to give their own personal description of it.<\/p>\n

The Indian fable goes like this:<\/p>\n

\u201cOnce upon a time, there lived six blind men in a village. One day , the villagers told them, \u2018Hey, there is an elephant in the village today !\u2019<\/p>\n

They had no idea what an elephant was. They decided, \u2018Even though we would not be able to see it, let us go and feel it anyway.\u2019 All of them went where the elephant was. Every one of them touched the elephant.<\/p>\n

\u2018Hey, the elephant is a pillar,\u2019 said the first man who touched his leg.<\/p>\n

\u2018Oh, no! it is like a rope,\u2019 said the second man who touched the tail.<\/p>\n

\u2018Oh, no! it is like a thick branch of tree,\u2019 said the third man who touched the trunk of the elephant.<\/p>\n

\u2018It is like a big hand fan,\u2019 said the fourth man who touched the ear of the elephant.<\/p>\n

\u2018It is like a huge wall ,\u2019 said the fifth man who touched the belly of the elephant.<\/p>\n

\u2018It is like a solid pipe,\u2019 said the sixth man who touched the tusk of the elephant.<\/p>\n

They began to argue about the elephant and every one of them insisted that he was right. And the story continues\u2026\u2019\u2019.(https:\/\/www.jainworld.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

From my readings on today\u2019s Political Globalization or American Political Globalization, the closest I got to an objective reference or a general description of the Present Political Globalization was not from a scholar or a specialist of the social sciences, but from a very powerful and a very successful world political figure, Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia.<\/p>\n

On February 10, 2007, at the Munich Conference on Security Policy, Vladimir Putin gave a speech which was followed by a discussion with international reporters. The conference was attended by politicians, military officials, entrepreneurs and experts from more than 40 nations.<\/p>\n

In the beginning of his speech , President\u00a0\u00a0 Putin expressed his opinion about the general state of world affairs, emphasizing the globalizing influence of the United States as a World Superpower.<\/p>\n

He said the following:\u201d\u2026However, what is a unipolar world? However one might embellish this term, at the end of the day, it refers to one type of situation, namely one centre of authority, one centre of force, one centre of decision- making\u2026.It is a world in which there is one master, one\u00a0\u00a0 sovereign. And this certainly has nothing in common with democracy. Because, as you know, democracy is the power of the majority in the light of the interests and opinions of the minority.<\/p>\n

We are seeing a greater and greater disdain for the basic principles of international law. And independent legal norms are , as a matter of fact, coming increasingly closer to one state\u2019s legal system. One state and of course, first and foremost the United States, which has overstepped its national borders in every way. This is visible in the economic, political, cultural and educational policies it imposes on other nations\u2026\u2019\u2019.(en.kremlin.ru)<\/p>\n

We therefore see, that Political Globalization is a very powerful tool or world strategy of the United States for it to secure and reinforce its world hegemony, politically, economically and culturally. An Imperialistic American International Policy has been dominant from the founding of the country in 1776, up to the present day. As a consequence, initially, we shall refer to two influential American political personalities who openly asserted America\u2019s historical right to function as a Modern World Empire, then(after American Independence) and now.<\/p>\n

The first American historical figure is Thomas Paine(1737-1809), who in 1777 became the Secretary of the Committee of Foreign Affairs in the American Congress, and whose pamphlets \u201cCommon Sense\u201d or \u201cRight of Man\u201d, were the most widely read political tracts of his time. The political beliefs of Thomas Paine of an \u201cExceptional America\u201d, greatly influenced the ideals of the first political leaders of an Independent United States, leaders like Benjamin Franklin, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. They also influenced the average American Citizen (white Christian male with property) of the first\u00a0\u00a0 Thirteen American States.<\/p>\n

Paine\u2019s political priorities also defined many of the ideological tenets of the American political culture from that epoch, up to the present time.\u201d\u2026Thomas Paine began his rallying call for the independence of the American colonies , with the message \u2018the cause America is in great measure the cause of all mankind\u2019. This was a statement intended to mark America as both intimately connected to the rest of the world and at the same time set apart and exceptional. America was for Paine the \u2018asylum for mankind\u2019, the place where freedom which had been expelled from every other part of the globe, could make its stand. This imagery, conjured by one of the revolution\u2019s most influential pens, has remained central to American identity\u2026\u201d.(https:\/\/www.psa.ac.uk<\/a>)<\/p>\n

The modern version of Thomas Paine in the United States today, is Richard Nathan Haass(1951-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ), who has served as president and official spokesperson of the Council on Foreign Relations since July 2003. Mr. Haass\u00a0\u00a0 has served in the past, as senior advisor to America\u2019s Defence Department(1979-1980) and to America\u2019s State Department(1981-1985). Under the presidency of George H.W. Bush(1989-1993), he was Special Advisor to the President and Senior Director for Near East and South Asian Affairs.<\/p>\n

The Council on Foreign Relations was founded in 1921, it is an American non-profit and non-governmental \u201cthink tank\u201d***, which specializes in the foreign policies of the United States and International Affairs. Its members include senior politicians, more than a dozen secretaries of state, CIA directors, bankers, lawyers, professors, and senior media figures.(https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_on_Foreign_Relations<\/a>)<\/p>\n

(*** A \u201cthink tank\u201d is a body of experts providing advice and ideas on specific political or economic problems-Oxford Living Dictionaries )<\/p>\n

Richard Nathan Haass, a major political strategist for the United States government, projects his foreign policy views in his book \u201cThe Reluctant Sheriff\u201d, published in 1997, where he essentially defines the major components of the political ideology of Globalization by the United States government, and of course that of The Council on Foreign Relations. In his book, Mr.Haass expresses his firm belief that the United States should function as an \u201cinformal empire\u201d and that its foreign policy should be an \u201cimperial foreign policy\u201d!!!<\/p>\n

Mr. Haass in his book \u201cThe Reluctant Sheriff\u201d states that, \u201c\u2026what will prove crucial is the ability of the United States to persuade others to adopt and abide by its preferences-and the will and the ability of the United States to act as a sheriff, to mobilize itself and others, to insist on them when resistance emerges\u2026\u201d.(http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_N._Haass<\/a>)<\/p>\n

One could say that the bases of the institutional political configuration of the United States were to a large degree defined first by the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776,and by the American Constitution , which was written in 1787, ratified in 1788, and has been in operation since 1789.(http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n

With the Declaration of Independence , the Thirteen American colonies, which were at war with Britain, took a concerted first step toward forming the United States of America by announcing officially that they were no longer under the rule of the British Kingdom. The ideological and the political emphasis of this official Declaration was on the civil rights of all people, who \u201care created equal\u201d, and on the protection of those civil rights by the American government , whose legal power is derived from \u201cthe consent of the governed\u201d through the election of their representatives.<\/p>\n

The fundamental human rights as quoted in the Declaration of Independence were Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. This document and its institutional tenets had no real legal power , especially after the activation of the American Constitution in 1789.(http:\/\/www.shmoop.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

By examining the semantics of the text of the Declaration of Independence, one could conclude that its political and ideological criteria are based on the concepts of Democracy and of Liberalism within the context of Western Cultural Tradition. Therefore, in order to clarify if these ideological assumptions concerning the American political culture in its inception are valid, we shall provide formal definitions of these political concepts.<\/p>\n

From https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org<\/a>, \u201cDemocracy\u201d is defined as \u201c\u2026the belief in freedom and equality between people, or a system of government based on this belief, in which power is either held by elected representatives or directly by the people themselves\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

From http:\/\/www.dictionary.com<\/a>, \u2018Liberalism\u201d is defined as \u201c\u2026a political or social philosophy, advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary system of government, non- violent modification of political, social , or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and government guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

The fact that at the time, meaning during the end of the 18th century , women, slaves and native Indians, were not considered legally as equal to white adult males, their fundamental civil rights of Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness(Declaration of Independence) , could not be constitutionally defended or guaranteed by the American government and its Judiciary. Similarly, as women , slaves and indigenous Indians had not been accepted as full citizens, they were prohibited\u00a0\u00a0 at participating in the country\u2019s \u201cdemocratic\u201d electoral process.<\/p>\n

Now, let us look at the Constitution of the United States of America, which went into effect in 1789. It is the most important legal document defining the government of the country and its political culture***,establishing a Constitutional Republic.<\/p>\n

(*** political culture- a set of attitudes , beliefs, and sentiments which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system.(https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

First, we should clarify what a Constitutional Republic is. From https:\/\/legaldictionary.net<\/a>, we have the following definition: \u201c A constitutional republic is a form of government in which the head of the state , as well as other officials, are elected by the country\u2019s citizens to represent them. Those representatives must then follow the rules of that country\u2019s constitution in governing the people.\u201d<\/p>\n

When the American Constitution was adopted , the country\u2019s citizens who elected their representatives had to be white adult males with property. Women , indigenous Indians and African slaves who contributed immensely to the country\u2019s economy, especially in the agricultural sector, were excluded from \u201cthe electorate\u201d, since they were not legally classified as citizens of the United States. That is exactly the reason why the word \u201cdemocracy\u201d is never mentioned within the text of the American Constitution.<\/p>\n

Mr.Alan Keyes , an African American politician, who served in the American Government as Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs(1985-1987), emphasizes this institutional distortion within the text of the American Constitution, and explains the political motives behind this unjustifiable omission by saying that, \u201c\u2026I often wonder at the fact that many people who claim to support the U.S. Constitution, have utterly abandoned its key terms and provisions. One of the signs of that abandonment has been the use of the term \u201cdemocracy\u201d to describe the form of government established by the Constitution of the United States. Yet, that term is nowhere used in our key founding documents-not in the Constitution , and not in the Declaration of\u00a0\u00a0 Independence, which summarizes the Constitution\u2019s premises. The reason for this is simple. Democracy does not achieve what America\u2019s Founders understood to be essential purpose of constitutional government\u2026\u201d.(http:\/\/dailycaller.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Concluding, the United States of America is neither a Constitutional Republic nor a Democracy, typically, practically and pragmatically. Also, when \u201cthe first three words\u201d of the text of the American Constitution is \u201cWe The People\u201d, these key words refer exclusively to \u201cwhite males with property\u201d. Similarly, in the same spirit of American \u201cvirtual reality\u201d, the website of the American Senate, when it presents an overview of the American Constitution, it notes that,\u201d\u2026For over two centuries, the Constitution has remained in force because its framers successfully separated and balanced governmental powers to safeguard the interests of the majority rule and minority rights of liberty and equality, and of the federal and state governments\u2026\u201d.(https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Just by considering the trials and tribulations the native American Indians and the African Americans had to endure for more than 250 years , under the political rule of the American government, I would have to say that the American Senate \u201cis pulling our leg\u201d!!!<\/p>\n

The closest to the word or concept of \u201cequality\u201d in the American Constitution is found in the 14th Amendment , added to the text in 1868. This amendment contains a clause stating that ,\u201d\u2026no state can deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws\u2026\u201d.(https:\/\/www.shmoop.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

This institutional and ideological travesty imposed by the Fathers of the American Nation on the final text of the American Constitution (as related to the political concepts of \u201cdemocracy\u201d, \u201dequality\u201d, \u201dliberalism\u201d and the institutional configuration of a \u201cconstitutional republic\u201d), will become more evident when we will observe the inhumane, immoral and unlawful treatment which native Indians and African slaves, and later on African Americans experienced under\u00a0\u00a0 American internal policies.<\/p>\n

We shall also discover this institutional and ideological travesty through America\u2019s imperialist foreign policies, building its own empire from the beginning of the founding of that nation on July 4, 1776.\u201d\u2026Expansion and empire building were concerns for American leaders as soon as national independence became a reality, and issues of growth and hegemony grew more important into the first half of the nineteenth century\u2026\u201d.(http:\/\/www.americanforeignrelations.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"us<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\"us<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
George Washington
\nFirst President of the United States
\n(1789-1797)<\/td>\n		<\/td>\nThe First Empire of the United States<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C)\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization – a)\u00a0 Theory\u00a0 and\u00a0 Practice When we\u00a0 talk\u00a0 about\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization\u00a0 today, we\u00a0 naturally\u00a0 mean\u00a0 American\u00a0 Political\u00a0 Globalization, since the\u00a0 United\u00a0 States\u00a0 of\u00a0 America\u00a0 is\u00a0 the sole\u00a0 and undisputed\u00a0 Political, Economic and\u00a0 Military\u00a0 Superpower\u00a0 in the\u00a0 world\u00a0 presently; playing out this \u201chegemonic\u00a0 historical\u00a0 role\u201d since the end of\u00a0 World\u00a0 War II. The\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[67],"class_list":["post-1734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2018-2","tag-globalization-en","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1734"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2287,"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734\/revisions\/2287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meta-morphosis.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}